Toronto's Schools Are Being Starved

Provincial funding has chronically fallen short of what it costs to run public schools in Canada's largest city. Here's what the numbers show.

Sources: FAO Ontario  ·  CCPA  ·  OPSBA  ·  The Local  ·  CBC News  ·  Auditor General of Ontario

-$1,500
Real-dollar loss per student since 2018, adjusted for inflation
CCPA, 2024
-$6.35B
Cumulative funding shortfall across Ontario school boards since 2018–19
CCPA, 2025
$4.3B
Building repair backlog at the TDSB alone
Auditor General, 2024

Real per-student funding has declined every year since Doug Ford took office in 2018, even as the government claims record nominal spending. When adjusted for inflation, each student receives $1,500 less than they did in 2018–19.

Per-student funding has fallen $1,500 since Ford took office

Ontario Core Education Funding per student, inflation-adjusted to 2024–25 dollars. Dashed line shows what 2018–19 funding would be worth if it had kept pace with inflation.

Actual funding (2024–25 $)
2018–19 baseline (inflation-maintained)

Sources: FAO Ontario (2025 Spending Plan Review)  ·  CCPA (Aug 2024)  ·  OPSBA (Jun 2025). Values in 2024–25 CAD, CPI-adjusted.

See the cuts at your child's school

Building Better Schools tracks individual budget cuts by school since 2018. Search by name to see what's been lost.

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$582.7M
Combined special education shortfall across all OPSBA member boards in 2024–25 — every board spends more than the province funds
OPSBA, 2025
46%
Extent to which provincial repair and maintenance funding was underfunded under the Ford government, per the Auditor General
Auditor General, Dec 2024
25.3%
Share of Toronto children living in poverty in 2022 — the highest child poverty rate of any major Canadian city
Statistics Canada, 2022

Auditor General's finding (Dec 2024): A review of TDSB finances found no evidence of frivolous spending. Provincial repair and maintenance funding was underfunded by approximately 46%, directly contributing to the board's $4.3B repair backlog.

Schools
-$6.35B
Cumulative funding shortfall across Ontario school boards since 2018–19 — real money that never reached classrooms
CCPA, 2025
while
PC Donor-linked grants
$1.3B
In Skills Development Fund grants the Auditor General found were distributed in a way that was "not fair, transparent or accountable" — the majority going to PC donor-linked organizations
Ontario Auditor General, Oct 2024

The TDSB's funding crisis is not new — it traces to 1997, when the Harris government removed boards' ability to supplement provincial grants with local property taxes. Every government since has underspent.

Deficits and cuts: a three-decade pattern

Selected TDSB funding gaps (structural shortfalls vs. actual costs) and cut packages approved by the board or imposed by the province. Values in millions of Canadian dollars.

Funding gap / deficit ($M)
Operational cuts approved ($M)

Sources: CCPA  ·  The Local  ·  CBC News  ·  Wikipedia / TDSB history. Gaps reflect structural shortfalls; cuts reflect approved reductions. Some years overlap.

A timeline of cuts, crises, and provincial intervention

1997–98

Harris formula strips boards of tax powers

Harris removes boards' ability to levy local property taxes and cuts over $2B in annual K–12 funding. Dozens of TDSB school closings announced within months.

2002

Provincial takeover — $90M cut by supervisor

TDSB refuses to pass a balanced budget. Appointed supervisor eliminates secretarial and counsellor positions, cuts outdoor and adult education programs.

2012–14

Funding gap reaches $189M over two years

Gap hits $109M in 2012, grows by $50M in 2013 and $30M in 2014 under the Liberal government. Music instructor programs cut.

2019–21

Ford government demands $67.8M in cuts

IB program eliminated. Itinerant music instructors cut by 25%. Class sizes increased as teacher positions are reduced.

2019–24

$64.7M in further operational cuts

Caretaking hours, maintenance, classroom supplies, support staff reduced over five years. Annual deficits run $201M (2023–24) and $221M (2022–23).

2025–26

$58M deficit — pools, music, staff on the chopping block

Proposed cuts include closing school pools (86 aquatic instructor positions) and deep reductions to equity programs. Province appoints financial investigator, threatens second takeover.